A study on warp yarns used for carpets

A woven carpet includes three groups of yarns namely warp, weft, and pile yarns. There are two types of warp yarns which are important for backing structure of the carpets: stuffer and chain warp yarns. These yarns are generally produced as polyester/cotton (PES/CO), polyester/viscose (PES/CV) staple yarns or PES filament yarns. In this experimental work the mechanical properties of stuffer and chain warp yarns were investigated.Warp yarns were investigated in two parts; in the first part warp yarns collected from Gaziantep carpet industry were tested to obtain their tenacity, elongation at break, initial modulus, toughness, and shrinkage values. Warp trials produced with one stage production technology as BCF and CF yarns were tested and the results were compared with commonly used warp yarns. Correlations between non-dimensional mechanical resistance of filament warp yarns and elongation were obtained.In the second part, tensile test was performed on warp yarns raveled out from the carpet samples having different pile densities. The effects of weaving and latex processes on the mechanical property changes of both stuffer and chain warp yarns were determined and discussed.Key words: warp yarn properties, stuffer warp, chain warp, carpet warp yarn