Second generation bioethanol production by using water hyacinth and other lignocellulosic residues

Within this study, bioethanol production from different lignocellulosic resources has been examined through physical, chemical, enzymatic/microbiological pretreatments and their combinations via different microorganisms. Different agricultural residues and aquatic plants have been used as raw material, and carbohydrate obtaining ratios have been analyzed for bioethanol production. There were three different kind of microorganism that used for the experimental sets (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia stipitisveClostridium thermocellum), and their ethanol yields have been compared. According to the results, C reactors has the lowest yield of carbohydrate conversion, while K reactors, which had physical, chemical (NaOH) and enzymatically (cellulase) pretreatments, has the highest yield. K reactors' ethanol yield has been determined as 4 times higher than C reactors'. The most carbohydrate consumption and bioethanol production amount have been observed from Kbuğday reactor with 8.33 mg/ml, and 3.36 mg/ml, respectively. In Set III, any pretreatment methods have not been carried out for the raw materials but microorganism called C. thermocellum, and ethanol conversion yield has been compared with raw cellulose conversion yield. In Set III, the highest ethanol production amount has been obtained from the reactor which used corn silage with 0.25 mg/ml. The highest yields have been obtained in Set I with 49.77 % from Esümbül, and in Set II wit 50.40 % from Esilaj. according to consumed carbohydrate and produced bioethanol concentrations.