Investigation of the relationship between endometrial cytology changes and uterine involution in the first 21 days postpartum in uterine cows

İn the conducted research, the changes in leukocyte ratios using the endometrial cytology method, as well as the variations in serum BHBA and NEFA values in dairy cows during the first 21 days postpartum, were investigated. Additionally, the relationship between these parameters was examined, and the involution process of the uterus and cervix was assessed using ultrasonography. The study used a sample of 20 healthy cows that had given birth andDuring the research, postpartum cows were subjected to ultrasonographic examinations, blood sampling from the tail vein, and endometrial sample collection through the cytoband method on the postpartum 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Ultrasonographic measurements included endometrial thickness, cervical diameter, and diameter of the uterine horn, which were recorded. Blood samples collected from the tail vein were used to obtain serum, and various parameters such as Urea, AST, GGT, Glucose (Glu), Total Protein (TP), Albumin (Alb), Calcium (Ca), Cholesterol (Chol), Triglycerides (Trig), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (Phos), BHBA, and NEFA values were analyzed.The endometrial samples were smeared onto slides and stained with the Papanicolaou method to count PMNL cells. For each slide, 200 cells were counted under a microscope, and the percentage values of the counted cells were calculated and recorded. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in endometrial thickness, cervical diameter, and uterine horn diameter on the postpartum 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days (p<0.01). However, the %PMNL ratios obtained from the endometrial cytology samples collected on these days showed statistically significant differences (p<0.01).Based on the results of the metabolic profile tests conducted on the blood samples taken on the postpartum 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days, weak correlations were found between NEFA, BHBA, and PMNL. Additionally, a moderate correlation was observed between PMNL and cervical diameter. Consequently, weak correlations between cervical involution, endometrial PMNL ratios, and serum NEFA and BHBA levels were identified. These findings suggest that PMNL ratios can be used as an additional parameter in routine examinations during the postpartum period to monitor uterine health.