Determination of antifungal effects of Achillea millefolium L., Tagetes erecta L., extracts and nanoparticules against Monilinia laxa

In this study; Antifungal activities of methanol extracts and nanoparticles of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), collected from the Tokat region, were evaluated on the mycelial growth of Monilinia laxa, which is an important pathogen of fruit trees, in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. In in-vitro tests, the inhibitory effects of the extracts and nonoparticles on mycelial growth of the pathogen were determined at 5 different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) and nanoparticles at 2 different concentrations (4%, 5%). All treatments were carried out with 3 replications and reprated twice. PDA and apple fruit without extract and nanoparticle were used as controls. According to the results of this study; In-vitro conditions, the mycelial growth inhibition rate was found to be 65.5% at 5% yarrow flower extract. On the other hand, this rate was determined as 56.1% in the same concentration of yarrow leaf extract. The highest rate of inhibition of mycelial growth in T. erecta flower extract was 37% at the 5% concentration. In T. erecta leaf extract, the inhibition rate remained at 10% at the same concentration. Compared to the control, the lowest rate of mycelial inhibition was observed in the leaf extracts of marigold. A higher rate of mycelium inhibition was determined in yarrow extracts than marigold extracts. In the nanoparticle study, diluted 10mg/ml T. erecta flower nanoparticle prevented mycelial growth by 28%, while a similar rate (25%) was obtained in A. millefolium flower nanoparticle. Considering the effects of T. erecta flower, A. millefolium flower and leaf extracts on apple fruit rot under in-vivo conditions; T. erecta flower extract prevented fruit infection by 28.2% and 21.8% at 5% and %4 concetrations repectively. On the other hand yarrow flower extract prevented fruit infection by 27.1% and 21% at 5% and 4% concentrations respectively. At 5% and 4% concentrations of the leaf extract of yarrow, fruit infection was prevented at a rate of 34.4% and 26.8%, respectively. In conclusion, with this study, it can be said that T. erecta and A. millefolium extracts and nanoparticles have the potential to be used as biopesticides against Monilinia laxa.