Scientific societies founded after the Tanzimat: Five social societies between 1839-1876

The Ottoman State which began to keep their relations warm with the west, also took the west as a sample in the field of education, science and culture. The tradition of academy in Europa was transformed to Encümen-i Daniş in the Ottoman State and continued in the form of other scientific societies. The initial examples of these societies were Cemiyet-i îlmiye-i Osmaniye, Cemiyet-i Tıbbıye-i Osmaniye, Cemiyet-i Tedrisiye-i Islamiye and Tercüme Cemiyeti which were founded between 1839-1876. These societies set out on a way with great aims but they couldn't realize them exactly. On the other hand, they gained some success as the beginners of this tradiotion. Encümen-i Daniş that was in charge to prepare the books studied at Darülfünun, made ready the "Kavaid-i Osmaniye" which is accepted as the first Turkish grammer book. Cemiyet-i îlmiye-i Osmani tried hard for education of people and transfering of science to Turkey with the mediation of "Mecmua-i Fünvn" (organ of publication), conferences, kıraathane (reading room) and library. Cemiyet-i Tibbxye-i Osmaniye achiexed to begin the education of medicine in Turkish. Cemiyet-i Tedrisiye-i islamiye constructed a school called Darûşşafaka for education of poor boys. Finally, Tercüme Cemiyeti undertook the translation of books which could be useful for people. Although these societies lived short, they accomplished to become a model for future societies with their works and subjects which they opened to dispute. IV