Historicism and Qur'anic sciences

Historicism is a method developed to solve the problems that Christianity faces in the West. This method, which is used to understand the holy books, was carried to the Islamic world and applied in the Qur'an. In this study, the concepts that correspond to the meaning of historicism, the emergence and development of historicism, the hermeneutic method used by historicism, its entry into the Islamic world and its application to the Qur'an are examined. Modernism, which reveals historicism and attracts it to the religious field, is also evaluated in terms of historicism. Since the application of historicism to Islamic sources was first realized by orientalists, the issue of orientalism and its connection with historicism were discussed. In our study, the works of Fazlur Rahman who brought the proposal of the application of historicism to the Qur'an on the agenda in the Islamic World were also examined. His views were evaluated as he led the representatives of historicism and developed a unique method in this regard. During the application of historicism to the Qur'an, some of the Qur'anic sciences were supported. The subjects of "Nâsih-Mensûh, Nüzûl reasons, Mekkî-Medenî verses, stories in Qur'an", which are among the Qur'anic sciences, were discussed in the context of historicism and the possibility of these sciences to be a support for historicism was evaluated. In addition, an important authority referred to by the Qur'an historicalists is Caliph Omar. Some of the practices of Caliph Omar have been subjected to a modern interpretation and connected with historicism and on the basis of this evidence has been shown that the provisions of the Qur'an can be changed in this age. In this study, the possibility of the mentioned Qur'anic sciences to support historicism was revealed. As a result, what kind of problems can be encountered if historicism is applied to the Qur'an and the situations that this practice will lead to are stated. Keywords: Historicity, Historicism, Hermeneutics, Modernism, Orientalism, Quranic Sciences