The determination of chemical and biological activites of some agricalturlly products medicinal and aromatic species

Aim: In this study, some species grown naturally in the eastern region of our country (Sideritis libanotica subs kurdica, Thymus citriodorus, Origanum minutiflorum, Satureja macrantha, Lippia citriodora, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium leucotrichum, Thymus vulgare, Nepeta italica, Origanum syriacum, Rosemarinus officinalis, Salvia palestina, Tanacetum parthenium, Melissa officinalis, Sideritis perfoliata, Origanum saccatum, Pelargonium graveolens, Salvia verticillata, Salvia multicaulis, Teucrium polium, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Mentha tomentosa, Thymbra spicata, Origanum onites, Origanum SP(Origanum onites+Origanum syriacum), Origanum vulgare subs. gracile) was aimed to be investigated in detail in terms of chemical and biological aspects. Material and Method: In this study, essential oils (sufficient amount) and ethanol extracts of 27 species, which are mostly used as oregano (spice) and tea and cultivated by agricultural culture, and ethanol extracts obtained by preparing antioxidant (total phenolic, total flavonoit, DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS), anticholinesterase (AChE and BChE inhibitors), tyrosinase, urease activities were determined. In addition, the toxic-cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined by MTT method. The essential oil of the species with sufficient amount was obtained by hydrodistilation method and its composition was determined by GC-MS/FID. In addition, since these species are used as food, aroma contents were determined by GC-MS / FID SPME. Ethanol extracts of all species were also prepared and the phenolic contents of these extracts were determined by LC-MS/MS. Results: According to the aroma content of 27 species propagated by agricultural culture and the essential oil results of 13 species, carvacrol, timol, trans-geraniol, trans-citral, pulegone, verbenone, linalyl acetate, camphor, α-pinene, citronellol, limonene, anethole, 1,8-cineole, piperitone and p-cymene were determined as major components. According to LC-MS/MS results, in general rosmarinic acid, astragalin and luteolin 7-glycoside were determined as major components. In the antioxidant activity results, it was determined that the Br-3, Br-10, Br-14, Br-15, Br-16, Br-24, Br-25, Br-27, Br-3 Ess, Br-8 Ess, 24 Ess, Br-25 Ess and Br-27 Ess (IC50: ≤1 µg / mL) samples in the ABTS method and the Br-14 (IC50: ≤1 µg / mL) sample in the DPPH method showed quite high activity and were more active than the standard compounds. When the acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity (AChE) of the ethanol extracts of the species was examined, it was determined that Br-11 (inhibition%: 88.47 ± 1.80) and Br-11 (inhibition%: 99.65 ± 2.97) sample showed the highest activity in butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity (BChE). In addition, it was determined that the anticholinestrase enzyme activities of the essential oil of all species belonging to the Origanum genus were quite active in both AChE and BChE methods. Among the samples, it was determined that Br-11 Ess sample had the highest effect (viability%: 23.70 ± 0.38) against HT-29 colon cancer cell line, and Br-24 Ess sample showed the highest effect (viability%: 11.20 ± 0.14) against MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: The extracts of 27 species grown in our country with agricultural culture were prepared and examined. While determining the aroma content of all samples, the essential oil of the species with sufficient amount was obtained and the content was illuminated. In addition to the chemical content analysis of the essential oil and ethanol extracts obtained, their biological properties have been revealed and the results have been brought to the world of science.