TCDD (The State Railways of the Republic of Turkey)`s state ve financial structure

This thesis provides a detailed investigation of the railways intransportation sector in Turkey. The thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 1focuses on the development and importance of the railways by reviewing theinvestments that have been added to the railways inherited from the OttomanEmpire since the establishment of the Republic. Our analysis reveals thatuntil 1950s there had been more investment into railways than othersubsectors of transportation sector. However, since 1950s highways havereceived more investment then other transportation sectors. Therefore,railways have remained underdeveloped.Chapter 2 evaluates the importance of the State Railways of theRepublic of Turkey (TCDD) in transportation by studying TCDD's legalposition, personnel, organization, locomotives, carriages, and activities. Inthis framework, we have observed that the conditions of railways are notwell-suited to the needs of our time. The length of the railways is 10.984 km,8.257 km of which is one-way railroad. That is, only 5% of our railways istwo-way railroads. The slope in 25% of the railway web is out of standard.21% of the railways is electrical line, while 24% is signal based line. In termsof cure in the railways radius, 34.1% is out of standard.Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 analyze TCDD's financial structure, and theratio of cargo and passenger transportations. We assess income-expenditure balance, profit/loss situation and its development over time, andfinancial structure. In this framework, we have observed that TCDD alwaysmakes losses, its incomes are far from meeting its expenses, and its depth isover its owned-capital and assets.Chapter 5 compares Turkey's railways with other countries' railways.Chapter 5 reveals that the length of Turkey's railways is not enough whencompared with other countries in terms of the size of population and area.The comparison with similar countries suggests that the length of Turkey'srailroads should be seven or even ten times of its current length. Therefore,with the current length of railways insufficient amount of cargo and passengertransportation service can be provided. Today, the shares of railroads in totalcargo and passenger transportations are 5% and 2%, respectively.