Technology oriented global citizenship: A new scale development

This doctoral thesis addresses the development of a new scale for the concept of technology-oriented global citizenship. The process was carried out in eight steps based on Churchill's (1979) scale development model. Each step was supported by detailed analyses to ensure validity and reliability. The concept of technology-oriented global citizenship was structured in line with relevant studies in the literature (global citizenship, technology use, global awareness, technology focus) and expert opinions. The sub-dimensions of the concept were determined as technology use, understanding different cultures, digital platforms and globalization, social media use, and global citizenship values. Initially, an item pool of 27 items was created by taking into account existing scales in the literature, theoretical framework and expert opinions. The items were prepared in a Likert-type scale format, and each item aimed to cover different aspects of the structures to be measured. The scale, which was shaped in line with expert opinions, was applied to the pilot sample group with 22 items. As a result of the analyses conducted on the pilot application data, 2 items with factor loadings below 0.60 were removed from the scale with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). As a result of these analyses, the scale was reduced to 20 items. The simplified scale was applied to a final sample of 408 active tourist guides across Turkey. In order to determine the suitability of the scale for factor analysis, the KMO test and Bartlett's Sphericity test were applied. In addition, CR and AVE values were also analysed. The findings obtained showed that the data set was suitable for factor analysis. As a result of EFA, the scale revealed a five-factor (use of technology, understanding different cultures, digital platforms and globalization, use of social media, global citizenship) structure explaining 81.92% of the total variance. The fit indices of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis findings showed that the measurement model of the scale had a strong structure and was valid. The validity of the Technology-Oriented Global Citizenship scale was tested within the scope of nomological and predictive validity. In this context, the relationship between the scale and the Intercultural Awareness) variable was examined. Positive and significant correlation was found between variables. The effect of Technology-Oriented Global Citizenship level on Intercultural Awareness levels was analysed with structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings revealed that Technology-Oriented Global Citizenship has a positive and significant effect on Intercultural Awareness with good fit indices of the model.