Effectiveness of digital photographs using different techniques in teledentistry for the evaluation of DFT index, CAST index, plaque index and modified gingival index

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of tele-dentistry in oral examinations by comparing evaluations made using digital photographs obtained with smartphones and macro cameras to those conducted with visual and radiological examinations in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods: In this study, 200 patients who visited the clinic underwent radiographic, visual, and probing examinations to assess caries, fillings, plaque, and gingival health. During the same session, five intraoral photographs were taken using each three different devices. These photographs were transferred to a computer and independently evaluated by two dentists, who were unaware of the equipment used, according to DFT Index , CAST Index, Plaque Index, and Modified Gingival Index criteria. The data from evaluations were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23 and Jamovi software. Non-parametric measurements were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test, and agreement between groups was examined using the Bland-Altman method. The significance level was set at p<0,05. Results: The agreement between evaluators was assessed using ICC analysis and found to be statistically significant. Based on this agreement, one observer was selected independently for data analysis. According to the Bland-Altman graph, most data remained within acceptable limits, showing general consistency, although consistency was lower for periodontal indices. Conclusion: Effective results can be achieved in tele-dentistry using smartphones and macro cameras. Evaluations based on teledentistry photographs can be effective for diagnosing carious and filled teeth, but further research is needed for plaque detection and gingival health assessment. Keywords: CAST index, DFT index, Modified Gingival Index, Plaque index, Teledentistry