Developing critical thinking, problem solving and creativity of secondary school students with low socioeconomic levels with the books used according to the flipped learning model: An action research

The aim of this study is to develop the critical thinking, problem solving and creativity skills of students with low socioeconomic status through children's books taught based on the flipped learning model and to examine this development proces. In this context, action research, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The research was conducted for a total of 12 weeks in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year in a low socio-economic secondary school in Battalgazi district of Malatya province. The participants of the study were twenty-seventh grade students who had problems in critical thinking, problem solving and creative thinking skills, selected according to the criterion sampling method. Different data collection tools were used at different stages of the research. While Cornell Critical Thinking Test and Torrance Creative Thinking Test were used to collect quantitative data, observation notes, researcher diary, audio recordings, video recordings, teacher, student and parent interview forms, and projects prepared by students through activities prepared for the books were used to collect qualitative data. The analysis of quantitative data in the study was done with correlation analysis and Kendall W Test, which shows the agreement between raters. Qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that students who had problems in critical thinking, problem solving and creative thinking skills improved in the context of critical thinking and problem solving, and although their creative thinking skills also improved, this development was not at the desired level.