Investigation of the performance of biocarbon produced from rosary tree (Melia azedarach) fruit in removing some organic and inorganic i̇mpurities from water

In the 21st century, although the developments in the field of technology have provided comfort in our living conditions, the dimensions of the environmental pollution it creates are increasing rapidly with the increasing human population. One of the most important consequences of this increase is water pollution. Physical, chemical and biological methods are used to eliminate water pollution. The effectiveness of these methods varies depending on the type of pollutant and the composition of the waste water. In addition, the cost, duration and environmental effects of the applied method are among the factors affecting its applicability. In this context, adsorption is one of the methods used to eliminate water pollution. Activated carbon is generally used as an adsorber in the adsorption process. However, biocarbons, which are less costly and more environmentally friendly instead of activated carbon, are becoming more and more important due to their cost and the damage caused by the chemicals used to activate them. In this study, rosary tree fruits, which cause environmental pollution by scattering on the Dicle University Campus, were used for the first time to obtain an environmentally friendly biocarbon. In order to determine the suitability of the, rosary tree fruits collected for this purpose to be used as biocarbon, biochemical component, proxymate and aproxymate analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were performed. Physicochemical properties of biocarbon obtained after being supported by analysis as a suitable precursor; It has been characterized using various physicochemical methods such as proxymate, aproxymate BET, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, Boehm titration and surface zero charge measurements. In order to measure the ability of this biocarbon prepared from rosary tree fruit to adsorb various impurities from aqueous solution, MM representing the dyestuff group, DKF representing the antibiotic group and Cu (II) representing the heavy metal group were used as adsorbed. In order to optimize the adsorption conditions, the effects of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent amount, initial concentration of adsorbed, equilibrium contact time, ionic strength and temperature were investigated, respectively. Kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out in order to evaluate the interactions between adsorbers and adsorbers in terms of physicochemistry under the determined optimum adsorption conditions. Kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the data obtained as a result of kinetic and isothermal studies. In line with these parameters, it was determined that MM and Cu (II) adsorption was endothermic and DKF adsorption process was exothermic. In addition, it was determined that the biocarbon obtained was more effective in the adsorption of Cu (II) compared to MM and DKF, which have a larger molecular structure, since it has a more microporous (85.92%) structure. In this thesis study, in the light of the obtained data, it was concluded that the rosary tree fruit can be used as a raw material in biocarbon production. Considering the surface properties and pore size distributions of the optimal biocarbon obtained, it is suggested that it can be used more effectively in removing especially small-sized impurities.