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Posing the ?One? as the principal term of his philosophy, Plotinus had to bring an explanation to some philosophical concepts such as ?unity?, ?multiplicity,?, ?infinity? etc. With this intention, it was necessary for him to advance a theory of numbers, worked out from a rather metaphysical point of view than a mathematical one. Our goal in this work was to explicit Plotinus? theory of numbers while exposing in broad outline the philosophical tradition which he inherited with regard to the problematic of numbers. Keywords : The One, the number, the contemplation, the multiplicity, the nature, the soul