Thomas Hobbes's natural law and moral theory- a new attempt in interpretation from the perspective of "Immortal peace"

In this thesis, it is analyzed how Thomas Hobbes grounded his natural law and moral theory in his masterpiece "Leviathan". Since the last half of the 20th century, Hobbes readings have been systematically conducted. Before this process, social contract theory of Hobbes was read from a single perspective and it was concluded that his texts did not allow for another reading. However, especially after the Second World War, return to the texts of Hobbes revealed new alternative reading perspectives. The Second World War, as called by Hobbes "times when everyone is against everyone" put mankind into a common search for literature, theoretic and practical philosophy, science, art and culture. The quest for mankind's potential as a community of existence with reason other than fighting shapes the 20th and 21st centuries in every aspect. For this reason, Hobbes, who has articulated people's potentials for war or peace in the most linguistic form, is a good thinker for the answers of whether we can come out in the hope of peace from today's economic, cultural and the most radical form of battles; the human massacres. This thesis is in search of these answers. The general assertion of this thesis is that, it is not the only possible reading for social contract theory of Hobbes as traditionalized or generally accepted readings by many thinkers or academics. In this respect, it can be called as an alternative reading experiment of traditional Hobbes readings. This reading aims to justify; Hobbes' moral theory in social theory is associated with the argument that 'man is a wolf to another man', but another argument which is as strong as this argument is ignored; 'man is God to another man'. Therefore, trace of this argument and to put the possibility of man's potential to be 'God'. This potential will lead us to the answer of whether there can be a moral society question. This work which is a new reading is the first thesis example in philosophy branch in Turkey. The signs that it is possible to make a new Hobbes reading, can be seen in international literature from Crawford B. Macpherson, D. W. Hanson and Bernard Gert's readings and from Doğan Göçmen's readings in national literature. It can be argued that this thesis is also a new example in terms of segmentation and titling. The chapters of the thesis are divided into three main chapters in order to demonstrate that the society theory of Hobbes has also three stages. The titles of these chapters consist of names that may indicate the perspective of a new reading, unlike the classical naming in traditional reading. Besides, all special notions within the frame of this thesis are translated to Turkish, in order to make philosophy in Turkish. Keywords: Immortal Peace, State of Nature, Natural Law, Laws of Nature, Community Situation, Common-Wealth, Leviathan, Power, Freedom, Justice, Morality, Reason, Contract, Wolf, God, Self-Love, Selfishness, Damine, Ownership.