Investigation of phytochemical and biological activityproperties of thymus Baseri Öztürk, Yaylacı, Koyuncu & Ocak

In this study, phytochemical and biological activity studies were carried out for the first time on the Thymus baseri Ozturk, Yaylaci, Koyuncu & Ocak (Lamiaceae) plant growing around Eskişehir. The essential oil, n-hexane, methanol and aqueous herb and root extracts, ethanol and chloroform flower extracts and fatty acids have been obtained and subjected to phytochemical investigations with chromatographic techniques. The chemical compositions of essential oil, fatty acids methyl esters and sillylated extracts were investigated by GC-FID/MS. The main constituents of the essential oil were identified as linalool (34,4%), myrcene (12,9%), -caryophyllene (8,2%), and bicyclogermacrene (6,9%). In the composition of fatty acids nonadecanoic acid (44,6%) and hexadecanoic acid (18,1%) were determined as the major compounds. It was found that major compounds were triterpenic compounds, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in the sillylated extracts. As a result of HPLC analysis, it was found that rosmarinic acid was the major phenolic acid compound in all polar extracts. The antioxidant capacities of the essential oil and extracts were evaluated by TEAC, DPPH and ORAC tests. Biootographic HPTLC method allowed to determine the compounds with antioxidant activity. The total phenols, total flavonoids and total hydroxycinnamic acid content of the extracts were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. The antidiabetic potential of the essential oil and extracts was evaluated based on their inhibition potential on α-amylase enzyme. The most effective extract was found to be methanol root extract (Inh 46.34%).