The effect of foot sole sensation on peripheral november muscle strength, balance, functional capacity and physical activity level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Our study was conducted to investigate the effect of sole sensation on peripheral muscle strength, balance, functional capacity and physical activity level in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The study included 42 volunteer patients (56.71±7.59 years) who were followed up at Bezmialem Vakif University Eyüp Annex Service Building, Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic and met the inclusion criteria. Individuals were evaluated prospectively and by face-to-face interview method. Light-touch pressure sensation (Semmes Weinstein Monofilament) and two-point discrimination sensation (Baseline Two Point Aesthesiometer) were evaluated in 4 different areas determined in the plantar region to evaluate the sole sensations of the patients. To evaluate the sense of vibration, 128 Hz diapause was measured at 2 different sites. Body composition analysis (Omron Body Composition Monitor), waist-hip circumference, lower extremity muscle strength (Muscle Hand Held dynamometer), grip strength (Hand Grip), physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), functional capacity (6 Minute Walk Test), balance (Biodex Balance System) were evaluated. IBM SPSS Statistic 20 was used for statistical analysis, data with p0,05 were considered significant. Light-touch pressure sensation and BMI (r=-0.318; p=0.040), body fat percentage (r=-0.318; p=0.040), skeletal muscle mass ratio (r=0.424; p=0.005), resting metabolism (r=0.308; p=0.047), waist circumference (r=-0.348; p=0.024); waist-hip ratio (r=0.306; p=0.049), quadriceps femoris muscle strength (r=0.323; p=0.037), biceps brachii muscle strength (r=-0.325; p=0.035), grip strength (r=0.399; p=0.009), functional capacity (r=0.308; p=0.047) and balance (r=-0.351; p=0.023). No significant relationship was found between light-touch pressure sensation and physical activity level. There was no significant correlation between the sense of discrimination and resting metabolism (r=-0,320; p=0,039), skeletal muscle mass ratio (r=-0,326; p=0,035), waist-hip ratio (r=0,526; p=0,000), biceps brachii (r=-0,435; p=0,004), grip strength (r=-0,394; p=0,010), physical activity level (r=0,431; p=0,004), functional capacity (r=-0,348; p=0,024) and balance (r=0,363; p=0,018). We found a significant relationship between vibration sense and quadriceps femoris muscle strength (r=0,337; p=0,029), biceps brachii muscle strength (r=0,310; p=0,046) and balance (r=-0,324; p=0,036). We found no significant relationship between vibration sense and body composition, waist-hip ratio, grip strength, physical activity level and functional capacity. Keywords: Foot sole sensation, balance, diabetic foot, physical activity, functional capacity, peripheral muscle strength, Type 2 diabetes mellitus