Factors affecting the development of complications in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes acute and chronic complications and seen hyperglycemia, due to problems with insulin production, a defect in insulin effect, or both. High prevalence of diabetes mellitus in our country and in the world, is an important public health problem. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate factors affecting the development of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, to obtain information about the preventive measures and to determine the factors affecting the morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 398 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 18 years and older who applied to the Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Polyclinics of Bülent Ecevit University Health Application and Research Center between 1 September 2017 and 1 September 2018 in Zonguldak. The research is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The information used in the study was obtained from the polyclinic examination notes and routine analyzes of the patients. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 20.0 program. Results: Of the 398 patients, % 59.8 (n = 238) were females and % 40.2 (n = 160) were males. The mean age of the patients who participated in the study was 56.7 ± 10.29 and the smallest was 29 years, the largest was 84 years (median 58).The mean duration of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 8.5 ± 7.06 years and short 1 year, the longest 38 years (median 7 years). % 94.2 (n = 375) of patients in the study had diabetes as well as additional chronic disease. The most common chronic disease was hypertension with % 60.1 (n = 239). Diabetic complications were noted in % 54.5 (n = 218) of the patients. In the logistic regression analysis, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in the study, in the development of diabetic complications; hypertension, hyperlipidemia and duration of diabetes diagnosis were found to be significant. (respectively p = 0.013, p =0.017, p <0.001). Conclusion: In this study, the risk of developing diabetic complications increases significantly in patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia and as the duration of the diagnosis increases, the development of diabetic complications is significantly increased. To prevent short and long term complications of diabetes, blood sugar should be at targeted levels. High blood pressure and increased blood lipids control are also important. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic complication, Risk factors