Comparison of peri-implant conditions and peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of ınterleukin- 1 beta (ıl-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-alfa (tnf-?) after implant insertion in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and systemically healthy subjects

Comparison of peri-implant conditions and peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of Interleukin- 1 beta (IL-1ß) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alfa (TNF-?) after implant insertion in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and systemically healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peri-implant conditions and measure the peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of TNF-? and IL-1ß after endosseous dental implant insertion in patients with glycemic controlled type 2 DM and systemically healthy subjects.A total of 39 dental implants in 20 subjects were placed: 27 were placed in 13 patients with type 2 diabetes and 12 were placed in 7 patients with systemically healthy. The plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, cinical atachment loss, gingival bleeding index, width of keratinized mucosa around implant were measured of the tooth and implants at baseline 1, 4 and 7 months (at 3 months after insertion of the superstructure) post- implant surgery. The prosthetic treatment was performed about at 4 months after implant placement. Periimplant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected at 1, 4 and 7 months after implant placement. IL-1ß and TNF-? levels were determined peri-implant from individual PICF samples by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELİSA). Resonance frequency measurements as an assessment of implant stability was measured by the ostell instrument following implant placement at 1 week,1 and 4 months. In order to evaluate the alveolar bone level, standardized radiographic examination of the implants was performed by one person using long cone paralleling technique at 1 week, 4 and 7 months (at 3 months after insertion of the superstructure) after implant placement. The alveoler bone levels in regions of osseointegration around implants was evaluated using Sigma Scan Pro 5 software program. Data analysis was performed by Shapiro Wilk, Student?s t, Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon Signical, Friedman and Spearman correlation tests.Clinical measurements (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, gingival bleeding index, clinical attachment loss) of tooth and around implant were not found significant differences in both groups and among the groups. The width of keratinized mucosa was significantly decreased in diabetic group at baseline, 1. , 4. and 7. months following of implant placement (p<0,004) , but not significant differences were found among the study groups. ISQ values was significantly increased in diabetic group at baseline, 1. , 4. and 7. months following of implant placement( p<0,008) , but differences of ISQ value were not significantly found among the groups. Alveoler bone loss was significantly decreased in dibetic group at baseline, 1. , 4. and 7. months following of implant placement however, decrease of alveoler bone height in diabetic patients at between baseline and 7. months was istatistically significant among the groups. ( p=0,003, p<0,001, p=0,024 ). TNF-?/concentrate was significantly increased at between 1. and 4. months and significantly decreased between 4. and 7. months (p<0,025, p<0,008) . TNF-?/site ,IL-1ß concentrate and IL-1ß site were not found significantly in both groups and among the groups.Our findings suggest that if diabetic patient is taken under glycemic control, dental implant treatment may be successfull. However, further long-term clinical studies with large amount of diabetic patients are needed to better assess the treatment of dental implant in diabetic patient.