Effect of diabetes coaching on diabetes self-management, glucosylated hemogloin and diabetes distress level in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of diabetes coaching on diabetes self-management, glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes distress levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study is a randomized controlled experimental study. The sample of the study consists of individuals with type 2 diabetes registered at a primary care family health center. The sample size was determined as 50 people in total, 25 in each group, according to 95% confidence (1-α), 80% test power (1-β), f=0.350 effect size and repeated variance. When the dropout rate was taken as 20%, a total of 64 people, 32 in each group, were included in the study. Randomization was performed using the 4-block randomization method. The intervention group received 1 session of chemistry interview and 8 sessions of diabetes coaching interview every 10 days. No additional intervention other than routine care was applied to the control group. Data were collected using the introductory characteristics form, Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scale, HbA1c Follow-up Form and Diabetes Distress Scale. JAMOVI 2.3.28 package program was used in data analysis. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation were calculated within the scope of descriptive statistics. Chi-Square Test, Yates Corrected Chi-Square Test, Fisher's Exact Chi-Square Test and Freeman-Halton Fisher's Exact Chi-Square Test were applied in the comparison of categorical variables. Mann Whitney U Test, Welch Test and Student's T test were used in the comparison of continuous variables. After the diabetes coaching intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups in all dimensions in the Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scale Scores of the participants (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between the groups after the intervention in the emotional burden, distress related to the treatment regimen and interpersonal distress scores of the Diabetes Distress Scale sub-dimensions (p<0.05). This study revealed that diabetes coaching is an effective intervention in increasing self-management and decreasing diabetes distress levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The findings provide evidence for integrating person-centered support programs into primary health care