The effect of medical nutritional therapy on cardiometabolic risk factors on Type 2 diabetes patients

This study was carried out on a total of 36 patients between the ages of 20 and 65, 18 of whom were female and 18 were male. The study was conducted on the individuals who have consulted Nutrismart Nutrition and Diet Centre between 2014-2015; who have received nutritional counselling; who have been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes by a physician; and who had a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. In the study, the total energy requirement of patients to lose 5% of their initial body weight was calculated, and medical nutrition therapy (MNT) plan was prepared according to American Diabetes Association (ADA)'s medical nutrition treatment principles (45-65% carbohydrate, 15-20% protein, 25-30% fat) and it was administered for 12 weeks. At the beginning of the study, demographic information of the patients was recorded and the anthropometric parameters, body composition of the patients were measured every week, body mass index (BMI) values were calculated. Some biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, homocysteine, HOMA-ir, and hs-CRP) were analysed both at the beginning and at the end of the study. The metabolic syndrome components of the patients were evaluated according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). When the change in biochemical findings of individuals with diabetes was evaluated, after medical nutrition therapy (MNT) insulin (15.7 ± 9.5 μIU / mL and 11.7 ± 6.2 μIU / mL), hemoglobinA1c (5.8 ± 0.9% and 5.6 ± 0.6%), total cholesterol (234.2 ± 38 mg/ dL and 202.7 ± 32 mg / dL), LDL (153.3 ± 36 mg / dL and 127.2 ± 32 mg / dL), homocysteine (11.1 ± 3.1 umol / L, and 9.2 ± 2.5 umol / L), HOMA-ir ( 4.2 ± 3.6 and 2.8 ± 1.8) and hs-CRP (5.4 ± 8.9 mg / dL, and 3.6 ± 4.0 mg / dL) were significantly lower. (P <0.05). When the change in anthropometric findings of individuals with diabetes was evaluated, after MNT body weight (93.2 ± 17.62 kg and 86.4 ± 16.17kg), mean BMI (32.1 ± 5.65 kg / m2 and 29.7 ± 4.84 kg / m2), fat ratios (34.2 ± 8.48% and 30.8 ± 8.95%), body fat percentages (33.7 ± 6.94% and 30.2 ± 7.88%) and waist circumference (103.3 ± 15.87 cm and 95.1 ± 15.29 cm) were significantly decreased (p <0.05). The changes in cardiometabolic risk factors after MNT of the patients who participated in the study and having IDF Metabolic Syndrome criteria were found to be significantly lower in fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, triglyceride, homocysteine, Homa-ir and hs-crp. (p <0.05). In conclusion, MNT was found to be effective in reducing cardiometabolic risks in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Although the content of MNT varies according to individual findings, regular consultation and self-management of individuals with Type 2 diabetes are important. According to this study, education and consultation on nutrition to people with Type 2 diabetes for providing lifestyle change is an important part of diabetes treatment and has been found to be effective in reducing cardiometabolic risks. Further studies are needed to achieve lifestyle change and weight loss in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.