Molecular and immunohistochemia study of TPO in tiroid lesions

Thyroid gland carcinoma is a very common neoplasia all over the world. The majority of thyroid lesions, both malignant and benign, can be diagnosed cytologically. However, the histological demonstration is frequently required for a precise diagnosis in order to distinguish between malignant and benign lesions. The results of the histopathology of the removed thyroid nodes, which was the major cause for the patient's referral to the hospital for fear of malignancy, confirmed that the patient had thyroid cancer. The study included 75 samples collected from patients suffering from thyroid disorders in Dhi Qar Hospital Shatra General Hospital and Al Hussein Teaching Hospital and 25 samples as quality control. Age range from patients and healthy individuals (30-60). For hormonal and molecular analyses, blood samples from all patients and controls were collected. The most prevalent thyroid illnesses in patients were thyroid toxic goiter (30%) and thyroid carcinoma (20%), according to the findings. The findings also revealed that these diseases were highly prevalent in people aged 30 to 50, with a higher frequency in women. Enzyme-linked fluorescence testing was used to detect thyroid hormone levels in all unrelated cases in Iraq, with thyroid disease groups displaying various degrees of hormone levels. The goiter's TSH level increased by 1.61 ± 0.43 percent. TSH and TR3R levels were low in the thyroid cancer group (1.46 ± 0.74 IU/mL and 1.46 ± 0.74 IU/mL, respectively), whereas T4 levels were much higher (105.71 ± 9.85). There were also TPO gene mutations involving thymine or guanine and transversion cytosine at positions 1708 of exon 10 (c.1708C>T) and 1978 of exon 11 (1978C>G). Between thyroid toxic goiter and thyroid cancer, three TG homozygous mutations were discovered, indicating severe DNA instability and compound mutations. The majority of the mutations found in this study were in the groups of thyroid toxic goiter and thyroid malignancy. In the toxic goiter and thyroid cancer groups, DNA instability was also discovered. Keywords: Thyroid peroxidase, Thyroid, Hydrogen peroxide, TSH