Preperation and assesment of different mixtures of TNT with NTO

Energetic materials (explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics) are used extensively for Civil as well as Military Applications. Today the variety and number of high energy materials for various applications have become innumerable of which chemistry, Synthesis, properties and other salient features are available in the literature. In the past, common explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were considered adequate for all weapon applications. Because of many catastrophic explosions resulting from unintentional initiation of munition by either impact or shock, aboard ships, aircraft carriers, and munition trains, these explosives have become less attractive. Of course, higher performance has always been a prime requirement in the ? eld of research and development of explosives and the quest for the most powerful high explosives still continues and this search seems to be never ending. The demand from the user for increased performance with reduced or low vulnerability could not be met with existing materials, and the need to control costs ensured that the processes for producing compositions were also subject to rapid change. Thus, in modern ordnance there are strong requirements for explosives having both good thermal stability, impact and shock insensitivity and better performance. However, these requirements are somewhat mutually exclusive. The explosives having good thermal stability and impact insensitivity usually exhibit poorer explosive performance and vice versa. Therefore, the foremost objective at the stage of synthesis of new explosives consists of ? nding the molecule having both a good energy capability and optimal safety (reduced vulnerability, shock and impact insensitivity) to those in current use [1]. In response to such accidents, programs have been established world wide to develop Insensitive Munition (IM) which respond less violently to accidental environmental stimuli, and policies have been instituted to adopt such weapons into service. There are several different approach to the developement of insensitive munitions, but prominent among them is the use of explosive fillings with reduced sensitivity, but in which performance is not compromised. Two avenues by which to approach IM-compliant explosive compositions are the substitution of sensitive ingredients with intrinsacally less insensitive materials, and the use of tough, rubbery polymeric matrix to absorb environmental abuse and to provide physical and chemical isolation of the energetic components [2].NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one) is an insensitive but relatively powerful explosive which shows promise for application in either approach to IM-compliant formulations. In particular melt-cast based compositions may provide viable IM-compliant options. This report focuses on the properties of NTO and its application in melt cast TNT-based explosives and testing of its sensitiveness. In this proposed study, an insensitivity of TNT which is produced by MKEK will be done by means of the mixture of TNT with NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one). Pilot experiments are on the scale of laboratory and then industrial applications will be studied.