Non-muslims during the rule of Tolunids and İhşids

Egypt lived under the rule of many different states, following pharaohs? era. Just before the arrival of Islam, it lived under the Sasanids and Byzantium. After it fell under the Islamic rule, it became a state center, first during the Tolunoğulları and later during the Ihşıdis.Egypt was also one of the most important places in the Middle East that witnessed the beginning and the spread of religions/beliefs, such Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Religious, social, economical and political life of non-Muslims in Egypt after it fell under the Islamic rule has been the subject of many scholarly studies. However, there has not been any study focusing on non-Muslims during the rule of Tolunoğulları and Ihşıdis. This study aims to fill this gap.