Possibilities to generate mutation and polyploidy using Co60 and colchicine in Trakya ilkeren and flame seedless grape cultivars

The study was carried out in Trakya Ilkeren and Flame Seedless grape cultivars to experiment the optimum doses, duration and application method of colchicine and comparing to the control plants 50% and less damaging doses of Co60 resulting in polyploidy by in vitro and in vivo techniques. In the study 15, 25, 35 and 45 Gy doses of Co60 sourced gamma irradiation were investigated. In the in vivo experiments control (distilled water), 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of colchicine doses were applied using soaked cotton by colchicine solutions to the shoot tips during 1, 3 and 5 days. In vitro colchicine experiment was carried out by staying the micro cuttings in 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% colchicine solutions during 1, 3 and 5 hours.In vivo and in vitro Co60 application experiments showed that 45 Gy dose of Co60 had lethal effect. Duration of bud break and shooting were late depending on the increasing of Co60 doses. ED50 values of Co60 gamma irradiation were found 23.6-24.5 and 21.7-24.9 Gy in Trakya Ilkeren and Flame Seedless cultivars respectively. Increasing doses of gamma irradiation resulted in less leaf and root number and shortening in shoot and root length in both cultivar. Moreover 35 Gy dose of Co60 caused the abnormalities by small leaf size and lose of leaf toothy. Gamma irradiation doses had no effect on the density and dimension of stomata and chromosome numbers of the cultivars.The 1% colchicine dose in Trakya Ilkeren and 0.75% and 1% doses in Flame Seedless caused the desiccation in shoot tips in the in vivo colchisine treatments. In both cultivars 1 and 3 days duration of 0.5% colchicine treatment gave the most similar results to the control in terms of alive shoot tip. Vitality rates decreased below 50% in Trakya Ilkeren by 3 and 5 days treatments of 0.75% colchicine application dose. Depending on the colchicine dose and duration leaf area, shoot length and stomata density values decreased and stomata dimension increased in both cultivars. Colchicine treatment by 0.9% during 3 and 5 days in Trakya Ilkeren and 5 day in Flame Seedless caused to the micro cuttings dry.