Transparency as a visual and esthetic principal in contemporary scupture

Transparency, in general term, is a material property, which allows light to go though the substances, and it can be perceived visually. Transparency can be found in living and lifeless entities as well as in artifacts. The current study considered transparency not only as a property of "see-through" but also as in any form that can be perceived as transparent. The first chapter introduces transparency and classifies it as literal, phenomenal, and perceptual. The relationship between transparency types and principles of visual perception, such as closure, similarity as well as the organizational features are then presented. The second chapter investigates the transparency in architecture and painting. Following and last chapter presents the transformations in the world and art history, and the influences of these historical and radical changes in art of sculpture. The works of influential artists are investigated in terms of how they were affected by these historical events, the ideas of modern movement, advances in materials and processes as well as how their work can be differentiated and categorized regarding literal, phenomenal, and perceptual transparency types. Keywords: Transparency, light, perception sculpture, modern