Researches on hemolisis in cows with tropical theileriosis

In this study, it was aimed to detect the severity and the type of the haemolysis that effect the anemia formation in the cattles with tropical theileriosis.In this study, totally 40 cultured strains and their crossbreeds as 10 healthy cattles (Group 1: Control Group) and 30 cattles infected with Theileria annulata were used. Patient cattles were separated into 3 equal groups according to the anemia level as mild (Group II), moderate (Group III) and severe (Group IV).Theileriosis diagnosis was achieved by clinical signs and by referring to the inspection symptoms of blood smears stained with Giemsa?s stain. Also RLB test was used to detect the species and the agent Theileria annulata was confirmed.All animals used in this study were systematically inspected clinically and then blood (from V. jugularis) and urine samples were taken for laboratory testing.Hematological parameters including erythrocyte number, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, plateletes and total leukocyte numbers were measured by Sysmex Kx 21-N hematology analyzer, reticulocyte counting was evaluated by Beckman Coulter Gen-S and differential leukocyte was evaluated by examining the blood smears by microscope. Biochemical parameters including total bilirubine, indirect bilirubine, AST and LDH were measured by Cobas 6000 autoanalyzer. SAA and haptoglobin analysis were done with ELISA kits (Tridelta LTD, Ireland) according to the procedures. After examining the colour and the odour of the urine, specific gravity, pH, protein, bilirubine, urobilinogen, ketone, glucose, blood, hemoglobin and leukocyte values were quantitatively examined with urine test stripes (Compur 10). Urine sediment was examined microscobically. Urine sediment was also examined with a dark field microscobe in tems of leptospria.SPSS MS Windows Release 13.0 package program was used for statistical analysis and analysis of variance and Duncan tests were used for comparison of statistical differences between the groups.According to the clinical inspection symptoms of the inspected animals, the differences in the average values of rumen movements, heart and respiration frequencies, body temperatures between mild, moderate and severe anemia groups and the control group were observed to be significant (p<0.001). The differences in the average values of rumen movements and heart and respiration frequencies between the mild and moderate anemia group and the severe anemia group were observed to be significant (p<0.001). A significant decrease was observed between the control group and the mild to severe anemia group in terms of erythrocyte number, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and plateletes (p<0.001). There were not significant differences in reticulocyte values between the groups but a significant increase was observed between the moderate and severe anemia groups. Although the differences in total leukocyte numbers between the control group and mild-moderate anemia group were significant (p<0.05), the differences was observed to be insignificant between the control group and severe anemia group and also three diseased anemia groups (p>0.05). There were significant differences (p<0.01) in average lenfocyte percentages between the control group and mild, moderate and severe anemia groups. There were significant decreases (p<0.001) in average eosinophylia percentages between the control and diseased groups. The differences in average values of neutrophilia, monocyte and basophilia percentages between the groups were not significant (p>0.05).According to the biochemical inspection symptoms, althogh the differences in total and indirect bilirubine levels were observed to be statistically insignificant between the control group and mild anemia group (p>0.05), a significant increase was observed in mild to severe anemia groups (p<0.001). Although the differences in average AST levels between the control group and mild anemia group were insignificant, the increases in the average levels in the moderate and severe anemia group were found to be significant (p>0.001). The differences in the average LDH values of the control group to the severe anemia group increased significantly (p>0.001). Although the differences in the average SAA levels between the control group and diseased groups of mild, moderate and severe anemia groups are significant (p>0.001), the differences between the moderate and severe anemia groups were insignificant (p>0.05). Although the average haptoglobin levels in the mild anemia group significantly increased when comparing to the control group and moderate and severe anemia groups, the differences in haptoglobin levels of the control group and moderate and severe anemia groups were found to be insignificant (p>0.05).Hemoglobinuria was not seen in any of the diseased animals.As a result, hemolysis, which plays a role in the patogenesis of the anemia with the tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is extravascular type and its severity increases as well as the disease progress.Keywords: Cattle, Theileria annulata, tropical theileriosis, hemolisis, anemia