Bronze age and Ottoman Period copper underwater finds retorations and conservation methods

Metal materials, which have been in daily life since the times when pottery was not known in the history of humanity, is the leading actor in all sectors such as automotive, technology, aviation, maritime and construction, which facilitate today's living conditions, especially after the industrial revolution. Preserving the archeological metal artifacts, which are the first examples of metal tools and equipment that have such an important place in our daily lives, is equally important. Within the scope of this thesis, in the first part of the study, which deals with the repair and preservation methods of underwater copper artifacts; The historical process of the Eastern Mediterranean geography is explained in general terms. In the second part; Historical process of copper production and trade in Eastern Mediterranean archeology, known copper mines, usage areas of copper, copper production centers in the Eastern Mediterranean region, recycling copper production are explained. In the third part; known tin mines, tin trade is explained. In the fourth chapter; The first emergence of metallurgy, the first alloy materials and its effects on the historical process are explained. In the fifth section; General information about Uluburun Wreck, Gelidonya Wreck, Kumluca Bronze Age Wreck and Ottoman Period Wreck, which contains copper and bronze artifacts in underwater archeology studies, is explained. In the sixth section; The definition of restoration and conservation under restoration and conservation techniques of metal heritages, the formation of corrosion, corrosion types, types of deterioration of bronze, repair and protection techniques, similarities and differences in the restoration and conservation practices of metal heritages found in land excavations and underwater excavations are explained. In the seventh chapter; The restoration and conservation process of copper artifacts found in Kumluca Bronze Age and Ottoman period shipwrecks has been tried to be explained with information, documents and visual documents related to the applications. Keywords: Restoration and Konservation, Copper, Bronze, Tin, Corrosion, Mining, Bronze Age.