Measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity of Tunceli rural garlic (Allium tuncelianum), determination of its effect on the antioxidant enzyme activity and anticancer characteristics on rats

In this work aimed to determine the biochemical components of Allium tuncelianum, its in vitro antioxidant capacity and the effect of antioxidant enzyme activity in rats and its anticancer caracteristics. The effect of Allium tuncelianum on antioxidant enzyme activities was also measured. In this study for the determination of phytochemical compounds; Trace element analysis by ICP-OES, GC-MS analysis of the volatile oil and fatty acid analysis was performed with GC-FID. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the ABTS radical scavenging activity, OH- radical scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging capacity, Cuprac, inhibition of protein oxidation, metal chelating activity and total phenolic (Folin-Ciocalteu) methods. Wistar albino type female rats were used for the determination of the effect of Allium tuncelianum on the antioxidant enzyme activities. Five groups of animals each having eight rats were made up. Group 1: Control group, Group 2: Only 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) applied group, Group 3: 7,12-DMBA plus 250 mg/kg/day Allium tuncelianum applied group, Group 4: 7,12-DMBA plus 500 mg/kg/day Allium tuncelianum applied group, Group 5: 7,12-DMBA plus two times a week 200 mg/kg -tocopherol applied group. The rats were feed for one month, slaughtered afterwards and the tissues were taken for the experiments. The analysis showed that Allium tuncelianum had, trace elements as mg/kg; K (4207), Ca (518.1), Mg (376.5), Na (119.7), Fe (9.15), Zn (9.24), Mn (2.48), Se (1.03), Cu (0.54) and N (0.33). The major components in essential oil of Allium tuncelianum; diallyl threesulfide (30.90%) and diallyl disulfide (28.30%) and the basic components in fatty acid methyl ester of Allium tuncelianum; oleic acid (27.19%) and linoleic acid (19:46%). In our study, catalase enzyme activity levels of the groups, which have Allium tuncelianum, increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to DMBA group. Superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were significantly increased (P<0.05) in all tissues in general. Glutathione peroxidase activity was showed a significant decrease in the liver tissue (P<0.05). Glutathione levels of the 7,12-DMBA plus Allium tuncelianum groups, according to which have 7,12-DMBA group increased significantly (P<0.05) in the liver tissue. Malondialdehyde levels of the 7,12-DMBA plus Allium tuncelianum groups, according to which have 7,12-DMBA group reduced significantly (P<0.05) in the liver, kidney and heart tissues. The experiments showed that Allium tuncelianum had high antioxidant activity and as a result increased antioxidant enzyme activity to prevent oxidative damage. These result Allium tuncelianum may prevent to tissues by the lipid damage of created by 7,12-DMBA. The experiments conducted in vitro showed that Allium tuncelianum had an antioxidant activity close to standard antioxidants. Also, the extract of Allium tuncelianum was applied to LS 174t, SW 620 and MDA-MB 231 cancer cells to determine antiproliferative activity. Allium tuncelianum concentrations with increasing proliferative colon carcinoma cells averaged over a 10% inhibition.