Tense in Turkish

Time and space units meet the necessary elements of existence. For this reason, the knowledge that something exists means that it carries time and space data. Time and space are the basic units of existence and movement, as well as representing the main elements necessary to construct a sentence. In the introduction part of this study, which was prepared to reveal how time and space units correspond in sentence construction, time and space units were examined in terms of existence information with the opposition of creator-created, and then how time and space units correspond in philosophy, science and linguistic disciplines were emphasized. Time has been a subject that those working on the Turkish language have addressed and examined under the title of verb conjugation. When the studies are examined, it is seen that although the time corresponding to sentence construction is interpreted separately from non-linguistic time, a unity has not been reached in the scope and subheadings of grammatical time. The uncertainty of the scope and definition of time, aspect and mood in grammatical studies conducted on the Turkish language is the main reason for this situation. In established grammar studies, a formalist understanding has been used when processing verb time, and the function of suffixes has not been emphasized. Studies based on form have brought about the problem of attributing the feature of time suffixes to morphemes that do not have the feature of being time suffixes. These studies, which lack structural analysis based on suffixation information, are also the source of many errors such as compound tense/mode, tense shift, and mood shift. The necessity of making the determination of a function element by taking into account the place and function of that function element in the suffixation sequence is the main issue shaping this study. The time and space units that constitute the sentence have been examined in this study based on the suffixation information of the Turkish language, that is, the opposition relationship of the meaning and function elements of the sentence, and the functions of the units in question in the suffixation sequence. In addition, space, which is one of the basic components of existence and movement, has been processed in terms of the representation of space units by personal suffixes. Finally, examples selected from historical texts have been analyzed based on the time and space units that constitute the sentence.