The problem of human in Turkish thinker's literary works

In this study, the problem of human is examined in the literary works of Turkish thinkers. For this purpose, the literary works by Filibeli Ahmet Hilmi, İsmail Hakkı Baltacıoğlu, Hilmi Ziya Ülken and Nurettin Topçu, who are members of different schools of thought were examined. Within the scope of the study, it was planned to examine only the thinkers' works published as book and were not taken into consideration their poems, plays or stories in various journals or newspapers. After drawing a general framework in the triangle of literature-philosophy-human, the works of the thinkers were analyzed. And than some questions were asked in order to be able to analyze them systematically, and this way that thinker's philosophical ideas about human were tried to be revealed by looking at different aspects. For this purpose, the relationship of man with nature, his relationship with God, with society and finally with himself is tried to be understood by looking the texts. In addition, in the text, answers were sought to the questions of whether that thinker saw the human as a being of pleasure, as a metaphysical being or a social-political entity. Eventually, has been reached a conculusion for every thinker and has been tried to be put forward his understanding of human with reference to all of his literary works. In the works of Filibeli Ahmet Hilmi and Nurettin Topçu, it is seen that national-mystical characters come to the forefront and that their understanding of human are mostly based on divine love. It is possible to say that Topçu, in his literary works, created characters such as national-mystic or action man in a way that coincides with his other books. On the other hand, the mystics characters by Filibeli, remind rather that conception of unity of existence in İslamic sufism and enriched by national feelings based on patriotism. Hilmi Ziya Ülken has traced the Humanitarian Patriotic type in his literary works and made the step-by-step structure of love morality felt in all of his works. On the other hand, İsmail Hakkı Baltacıoğlu presented the New Man as an ideal person and drew the New Woman profile. As a result, it has been determined that there are overlapping aspects between the thinkers' literary works and their other books in terms of human understanding and have been reached new findings. Key words: Literature-philosophy relationship, philosophical anthropology, Turkish thinkers