Iman (Faith), Islam and kufr conceptions in Turkish divans (In 15-16th century)

As our culture and civilization embraced iman (faith), Islam, and kufr have become concepts that directly concern our lives and literature. Therefore, poets, who were influenced by daily and social life when creating their works, incorporated these concepts into their poems. In the divans of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, in which the literary environment progressed gradually, it was observed that these concepts were handled in many ways with a wide variety of examples. In this study, based on the divans of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in the field of classical Turkish literature, I examine the appearance of the concepts of faith, Islam, and disbelief in the works penned in the relevant centuries, the usage of these concepts in the analyzed poems and the forms in which they appear in the divans. In doing this, I scanned 119 divans, 31 from the fifteenth century and 88 from the sixteenth century in printed and electronic sources. As a result of the examination results obtained from the divans, due to the large number of examples, the couplets containing these concepts were selected in terms of beauty of expression and authenticity, and accordingly, they were included under the relevant titles. In conclusion, the concepts of iman (faith), Islam, and kufr are discussed in three parts. The appearance of these concepts in the divans of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the meaning and contextual relations in which they are used have been tried to be discovered through various examples.