Changes about development law and new urbanization practises in the frame of neoliberal politics in Turkey after 2000's: The case study of Istanbul

Neoliberalism, which underwent a rise by the end of 1970s against the Keynesian policies, has spread throughout the world in the 1980s by means of international institutions and become a dominant paradigm. Neoliberalism dose not only have an economic dimension, city and the urbanization processes are the other spheres with which neoliberalism has the closest relation. Similarly, in Turkey, the year 1980 is a radical startup in terms of neoliberal policies. However, integrated economic and politic developments experienced at the end of 1990s and during the first quarter of 2000s display that the years following 2000 designate a new breaking point. One of the most basic arguments of the thesis is that; 2000s correspond to a `neoliberal urbanization phase? as a new urbanization process which is complementary to the post-1980 period in Turkey denominated as `early neoliberal urbanization phase?. Many legal arrangements that held neoliberal traces and appeared on the agenda of zoning legislation on the basis of structural reforms, and the concrete spatial cases emerged in the city in the axis of neoliberal policies are among the basic elements that crystallize this differentiation in the urbanization process. In this context, the city as the laboratory of neoliberal urbanization phase in the 2000s is Istanbul. Urban regeneration projects, large-scale urban projects, privatizations, gated communities, residences and shopping centers stand out as the concrete cases of neoliberal spatial structuring on which the city is reorganized, with the actors being the state and capital. This research focuses on the question of with which mechanisms and how the neoliberal policies transform the city and aims at displaying this reorganization of the city in the case of Istanbul.