Determination of optimal phasor measurement units settlement points using heuristic algorithms for Türkiye 400 kV interconnected power system

It is possible to operate the power systems in a stable and reliable manner by taking the necessary precautions before they become unstable, by monitoring and controlling the system. The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) device is a modern measurement device built on the system for monitoring, control and protection of power systems. Since the costs of PMU devices are very high, they should be placed in the system in optimum numbers and in a way that can observe the whole system. In this study, it is aimed to observe the whole power system with the optimal number of PMUs using different methods. Using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) program, which works in harmony with Matlab, Türkiye 400 kV Interconnected Power System was modeled and Optimal PMU Placement (OPP) was made with the Recursive N-1 Security Method. OPP has been performed using the Recursive N-1 Security Method, Depth First Search Method (DFSM), Graph Theory Method (GTM), and Integer Linear Programming (ILP), which are not heuristics. In addition, Optimal PMU placement points were found using the Heuristics, Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA), Modified Simulated Annealing Algorithm (MSAA), Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA). The study also proposes a new method using the Developed Integer Linear Programming (ILP) method. While using the ILP approach, a mapping system and a visualization technique using a graphic-based force-directed method and a geographic information system were used to show the locations of PMUs obtained from OPP. While solving with BPSO and DA methods, Bus Observability Index (BOI) and System Observability Redundancy Index (SORI) elements were used to rank the multiple solutions of the indices. The reliability of the proposed methods was tested on the IEEE-14 Bus Test System. The results found with the proposed methods are compared with the results found in the literature for the IEEE-14 Bus Test System. The methods whose reliability has been tested have been applied to the Türkiye 400 kV Interconnected Power System. As a result, the optimum number of PMUs for the Türkiye 400 kV Interconnected Power System and the information on which buses these PMUs should be placed in were determined by different methods. These methods were applied for the first time to Türkiye 400 kV Interconnected Power System. The results of the methods proposed in this study are presented as an alternative solution proposal to the power system operators.