Working poverty in Turkiye and the world

This study investigated the change and transformation of poverty in terms of workers, the definition of the working poverty in Turkiye, its distribution throughout the country and the factors that are affected by it. Micro econometric methods were used in the analyses appliedses for Turkiye, and macroeconomics methods were used in applications involving developing and least-developed countries. First, the working poor for Turkiye was defined through the micro data set, and the working poor ratios were calculated. In the same section, the factors of working poverty risk in Turkiye were examined with the Logistic Regression Analysis method. Men have a higher risk of working poor than women. While the risk of being poor in the 15-24 age group is higher than in the other age groups, the risk of being poor after the age of 45 decreases. Informal employment increases the risk of working poor. With the increase in education level, the risk of working poor decreases. Then, the effects of 8 years of uninterrupted compulsory education, which came into effect in the 1997-1998 academic year, on the income of the working poor were investigated with the Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design method. The income per capita of the working poor increased with an additional year of education. In the next section, the effects of migration are examined through interregional internal and Syrian external migration. It has been found that migration between regions increases the working poor rates and spatial interaction between regions regarding working poor rates. In the Southeastern Anatolia region, where Syrian refugees migrated, there has been an increase in the total disposable income of the working poor and the income per capita. Parallel to this, a decrease has been observed in the distance of per capita income from the poverty line. There has also been a decrease in social assistance.