Public diplomacy in Turkey: The concepts and practices of hard power-soft power

In the first part of this study, initially, public diplomacy, which refers to the process based on the influence of states and non-state actors on foreign publics instead of classical diplomacy carried out by state representatives, was discussed, and then soft power and hard power were clarified. When we look at the research on soft power and public diplomacy, it can be said that the tools used are similar. The fact that these two concepts are related to the ability to influence, rather than to coercion and strain as in hard power, brings them closer together. In the second part of the study, the public diplomacy process of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China and the United Arab Emirates, which use soft power effectively, is discussed theoretically and practically. In addition, the element of hard power and the reflections of hard power on soft power in the axis of global powers such as the United States of America and the People's Republic of China were also mentioned. In the third part of the study, Turkey's public diplomacy process was analyzed in terms of theoretical and practical aspects, and this situation was evaluated in terms of soft power and hard power.