Morphological and molecular identification of landrace wheat genotypes collected from different regions of Turkey

In this study, 13 durum wheat (Triticum durum), 20 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), 16 emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum), 5 einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum), four registered cultivars (2 durum and 2 bread wheats) were investigated in terms of agro-morphological and molecular properties. Mean for plant height, spike height, grain per spike, spike yield, plant yield, biomass, harvest index, heading time, maturity time, 1000 kernel weight and hektolitre were determined as 78.81 cm, 6.84 cm, 20.4, 0.7 g, 1.77 g, 4.17 g, 18.36 %, 63.01 days, 88.98days, 33.44 g, 63.54 g, respectively. In qualitative features, hairiness rate was 51.72% and waxiness rate was 48.28%. Molecular characterization was performed using 10 IPBS markers, and totally polymorphic bands and the average percentage of polymorphism were 163 and 95.08% respectively. The average gene diversity (H), mean polymorphism value (PIC), mean Dice similarity coefficient, correlation coefficient value (r) of the markers were determined as 0.26, 0.22, 0.5948 and 0.96011, respectively. The genetic distance between the genotypes was calculated using NTSYS-pc software and it was observed that it varied between 0.1299 and 0.8829. Population structure of the genotypes was analyzed with STRUCTURE software and the highest Delta K value was calculated as 112,629. According to Delta K, 58 wheat genotypes were genetically divided into three subpopulations. As a result of the analyzes carried out, it has been revealed that genotypes show morphological and molecular variations. Results of genetic diversity and structure analysis can be used for planing of wheat breeding program and for parental choices in hybridization.