The morphological and molecular characterization of wild diploid wheat (T. monococcum spp. boeoticum) originated from Turkey

The research was conducted to determinate the morphological,agronomical and molecular diversity among 51 population of T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, 2 genotypes of T. monococcum ssp. monoccoccum and 2 genotypes of T. urartu at Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, during 2006-07 growing season. For molecular characterization, ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) DNA markers were used.The results of the study showed that there were high variation among the lines for studied morphological and agronomical traits such as plant height, 100 seed weight, and single seed length. For molecular characterization, initial screening of 35 ISSR primers were used in 7 genotypes of T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, in order to find best polymorphic ISSR primer. Based on this screening, 16 ISSR primers were selected for further study. 16 ISSR primers produced total 88 bands, out of which 79 were polymorphic. Using ISSR data, Jaccard?s coefficient was calculated using NTSYSpc2.1 computer program. According to the Jaccard?s similarity index, similarity between studied genotypes ranged from a minimum of 0.43 to a maximum of 0.95, with average of 0.73. Dendrogram obtained from the similarity index formed two main groups, as A and B. There were two sub-groups in the group A and the group B was only occupied by T. urartu genotypes. It was found that T. monococum genotype was closely related Karacadag/Diyarbakır population. This study showed that there was high level genetic variation in T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum populations and confirmed that Karacadağ/Diyarbakır region was the place of domestication of diploid wheat.KeyWords: T. monococcum, Morphological Characters, Agricultural Characters, ISSR Markers