Transformation of the elites in Turkey: Petite bourgeoisie intelectual in Turkish novel between the periods of 1960-1980 and 1980-2000 (in the context of Tutunamayanlar, Bir Düğün Gecesi, Kara Kitap and Yüz: 1981 novels )

Main aim of this thesis is to understand cultural transformation of petite bourgeoisie intelectuals, in sui generis periods of 1960-80 and 1980-2000, in Turkey?s modernization process.In accordance with this aim, it is tried to be understood that the transformation of petite bourgeoisie intelectuals perception of ?east-west?, ?intelectual-public?, ?city-countryside? dualities and power and richness, by the novels which had been published between the periods of 1960-80 and 1980-2000; ?Tutunamayanlar, Bir Düğün Gecesi, Kara Kitap, Yüz:1981?.?Hermeneutic technic?, one of the specific sort of documantary research, which is a qualitative research method, is used in this research and four novels had been used as data source which published in these two ?20 years? periods. In the period of 1960-1980, petite bourgeoisie intelectuals approach to ?east west? duality is to understand and explain the differences between these two different cultures. In the period of 1980-2000 they tend to synthesis two civilizations (eastern and western).Intelectuals in the novels, which had been published in the period of 1960-1980 are lesftists. Because of their political ideals, they have to be within public, and by the public. This ideal had always been a mindset of leftist intelectuals. However, ?intelectual public? alienation within the tradition of Ottoman Empire and Turkey, is also the basic dilemma of intelectuals of this period. By the way, in the period of 1980-2000, there are efforts and thoughts to go beyond of ?intelectual public? duality.Countryside is negative for petite bourgeoisie intelectuals of both these two periods. For petite bourgeoisie intelectuals, ?city countryside? duality and being in a distant position to countryside and insulting it, is more obvious in the period of 1960-1980. Petite bourgeoisie intelectuals of the novels of the period of 1980-2000, this duality is not important and there is a little emphasis about it.For petite bourgeoisie intelectuals of both periods, the symbol of power is the state and the people who represents state had a negative effect on them. Power is a problem for them and they had to be distant from it.There is a clear difference about the perception of richness of petite bourgeoisie intelectuals within both two periods. In the period of 1960-1980, richness is negative and it is a phenemenon which petite bourgeoisie intelectuals had to be distant. However in the period of 1980-2000 negative image of richness had been changed and it becomes something to be desired.