Transformation of civil bureaucratic elites in Turkey (1960-1980)

This study aims to explain the transformation of civil bureaucratic elites throughout the twenty years period. This study examines the transformation with its political, legal, economical, bureaucratic and ideological aspects. May the 27th, which created the cronological borders of the thesis and started the 1960-1980 period, can be considered as a consequence of the reaction to the past 10 years? political view of the historical alliance that was formed by the bureaucracy, army and intellectuals. This reaction is also an intervention of the bureaucratic administration tradition.It is possible to say that a new period started with the year 1960 in Turkey. In this period, politically pluralism-with an effect of poor execution thought- economically imported ?ikameci? industrialization that was closely related with planned development, bureaucratically controlled, centralist, planned and elitist approach indicated their influence. These affected the new constitution?s philosophy, consequently traditional bureaucratic views were reflected to the 1961 constitution. In other words, with the new constitution which was a product of the elitist and tutelaged tendencies period bureaucratical control mechanisms was located to the law system. Especially, period of development plan is not only significant with its economical aspect but also with the mechanisms in question. It is possible to say that although the constitution had double nature its bureaucratical aspect is more dominant. 1960-1971 period was formed by the elitist/bureaucratic views of the alliance. In this period, civil bureaucracy retrieved autonomous and legal assurance elements, even administrative reform (MEHTAP) searches was attempted. Post 1960 intellectuals, that is, university possessed broad autonomy. Together with this date, intellectuals concretized their ?action? aspect and concentrated on power formulas. ?Yön Movement? which was progresses by the lead of intellectuals, had some sayings about ?new statism? and ? rapid development?. These sayings can be considered as a power search in the context of these kind of formulas. These steps caused bureaucrat ? intellectuals to decomposed as a supporter of alteration and status quo. Against the unforsightable social developments during the past 10 years until march 12nd, in one place ideological resolutions of bureaucratical elites started, and in the other existed formula became not to work.March 12th became the date which registrated that bureaucratic elites could not continue the alliance during 1960s. The memorandum was considered as an extension of bureaucratic elites? ?saving the state? mission that represented the ?center? as it was in the past. Similar steps taken after the May 27th was repeated after the March 12th. However, intellectuals were no longer included in this period. Technocrat cabinets that can be described as a product of bureaucratic elitism, with an effect of a strong belief regarding that the state had collapsed, aimed reforms about the state, society, economy, law, education and land, nevertheless, most of them couldn?t reach beyond from being an aim. In addition to this, after the March 12th, autonomy of civil bureaucracy was ended, administrative reform actions was again started and precautions that could reinforce centralist configuration was taken.Between the years 1960-1980, civil bureaucratic elites, because of the social and economical change process, completely lost their increasingly declining influence on government. Civil bureaucracy and intellectuals went away from their previous power and prestige after the 20 years period. Development plan mentality could not also help regression of bureaucracy. DPT, proved that change could not have continuing power when it was the end of the period. On the other hand, industrial bourgeoisie was included to political power equation after the 1970s. In this period, some of the principles which bureaucratic elites devoted themselves, lost their importance, however, bureaucratic administration tradition succeed in preserving themselves despite the corrusions. When elitist approach?s close relationship with bureaucratic tradition is considered, this approach?s prints is also in the similar position can be said. At the same time, when we take a look at examined twenty years period, civil bureaucratic elite?s signs of transformation can be seen. Especially, 1980s would be a new period which the transformation can be observed more concretely.Key Words1. Bureaucracy2. Elite3. Elitism4. Bureaucratic Elite5. Turkish Bureaucracy