Determination of genetic diversity in some cattle breeds raised in Turkey using microsatellite markers method

In this study, genetic diversity in Turkey native cattle breeds of Turkish Grey Steppe (TGS), Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR), Anatolian Black (AB) and also Holstein Friesian (HF) were examined using mikrosatellite marker method by 20 microsatellite markers recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). A total of 204 alleles were detected in 30 individuals from each breed. Average number of allele per locus ranged from 7.1 (HF) to 8.5 (AB). The highest number of alleles was found in ETH185 (17) and the least number of alleles in TGLA227 (5) locus. The average number of alleles per locus was 10.2 and the average number of effective alleles was 5.163. It was determined that private alleles (31) which were determined at low frequencies could not be used to seperate breeds. The average observed and expected heterozygosity values at level of all populations were found as 0.628 and 0.773, respectively. Observed heterozygosity at the markers level ranged from 0.303 (DRBP1) to 0.983 (ILSTS011), while expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.564 (INRABERN172) to 0.912 (SPS113). Inbreeding coefficient values for TGS, EAR, AB and HF were found as 0.216, 0.202, 0.128 and 0.069, respectively. The average FIT and FST values in four cattle breeds were detected as 0.185 and 0.055, respectively. The lowest pairwise FST value (0.030) was determined between TGS and AB breeds, while the highest value was determined between TGS and HF breeds. In this study, all obtained pairwise FST values were found to be significant (P <0.05). Although studied populations constitued sepererate clusterS from each other according to structure analysis, it was determined that there was genetic admixture in EAR, AB and HF breeds. According to the result of AMOVA analysis, a large part of the genetic variation (%94.814) was due to difference between individuals and % 5.186 due to difference between populations. Decreasing in number of domestic cattle breeds has affected genetic diversity negatively and also led to increase kinship. It is suggested that conservation programs should be expanded in Turkey native cattle breeds especially focusing on TGS breed which has the lowest number of individuals when inbreeding cofficients and results of bottleneck analysis take into consideration.