Three dimensional printers and their use in today's architecture

Today, the changes, technological advances and innovations in different sectors make it an indispensable element of our age. Especially in the field of architecture, which constantly renews itself with technology, three-dimensional printers have an important place. Three-dimensional printers help eliminate the shortcomings in the industry by eliminating the requirements in different areas. The "printerobject" seen on paper with two-dimensional printers have become "touchable three-dimensional objects" thanks to the three-dimensional printer. Different manufacturing techniques are used to make objects producible with three-dimensional printers. After the reduced production, which is included in the manufacturing techniques, has been transformed into additive manufacturing, many methods and techniques have come along. Three-dimensional printer technologies have emerged as a result of additive manufacturing. The methods and techniques used in additive manufacturing have enabled the product to be produced digitally with computer modeling. This technology is one of the indispensable components of Industry 4.0, which is considered as the new industrial revolution. With three-dimensional printer technology, architecturally effective solutions are implemented thanks to large-scale three-dimensional printers. In this way, it is an undeniable fact that three-dimensional printers make a great contribution to the field of architecture as well as in every field. While models such as model making, product and space design, interconnection, and transition elements can be easily produced by three-dimensional printers, larger size, free and complex structures can be produced by large-scale three-dimensional printers. With the use of large-scale printers in architecture, sample applications have been realized in many countries. Buildings that serve different purposes, such as home and office, have been built with three-dimensional printers by companies originating from Russia, the United States (USA) and China. Studies are carried out on this subject in order to automate the rapidly advancing construction applications in the world. In this regard, the history of writing and two-dimensional printers, the concept of manufacturing, types, basic principles, additive manufacturing technology and methods, the emergence of three-dimensional printers, computer modeling and the use of three-dimensional printers in today's architecture are discussed. It is aimed to analyze the functionality of three-dimensional printers in the manufacturing industry with computerized design and modeling systems, their place and importance in the fields of use with developing material technology, what kind of structures will be related to the future in the architectural field. In this study, two and three dimensional printers and their usage areas are examined. As a result, it has been determined that three-dimensional printers have a positive contribution to today's architecture. Keywords: Two-dimensional printer, three-dimensional printer, printers in architecture, large-scale three-dimensional printers, three-dimensional printer materials.