Dynamic analysis of a three stage single stage reciprocating compressor

Compressors are widely used in every field of the industry and usage rates are increasing every year. Piston compressors are a very old member of compressors and still continue to be used extensively in different sectors thanks to its many advantages. One of the main works of piston compressor designers is vibration and the other is thermodynamic calculations. As with any machine with a crank mechanism, the effect of dynamic loads on the vibration of reciprocating compressors is quite high. However, it is also important to establish equal power balances on the stage for more stable operation of the compressor. In this study, the pressure diagrams for each stage were modeled for any three-stage piston compressor. Thanks to the model created, cylinder internal pressure changes can be monitored instantaneously depending on the change of crankshaft angle. The equation of motion of the machine was obtained. The compressor torque requirement is modeled at the crankshaft angle and the motor torque curve is also dependent on the crankshaft angular velocity. This model is solved together with the equation of motion of the machine to obtain the angular velocity and torque curve of the machine from the start of the machine. By means of these studies, any three-stage piston compressor can be modeled with physical parameters to obtain this data. However, it is necessary to verify the model obtained by experimental studies. In this context, a test system was created using a three stage piston compressor. Pressure transducers fitted to the three stages of the compressor have been installed. However, a torque meter has been installed between the compressor and the motor to measure torque and angular speed values. Angular velocity, torque and cylinder internal pressure changes were measured simultaneously with the data acquisition device. Experimental results were compared with the outputs obtained from this model, and the model was verified.