History of the international terrorism

SUMMARYAdopting a historical perspective, this study aims at investigation of `terror? that is a prevalent type of political violence as old as the history of mankind. Investigating the perception of the concepts of terror and terrorism, and its earlier examples is highly important in struggling with such an asymmetrical threat. Throughout its history, terror maintains some of its main characteristics such as conveying messages via the victims of violent acts in order to accomplish its political goals. Additionally, with time and changing conditions, it has changed its medium and form. Although the death tolls are smaller than other forms of death in number, it has always occupied the agenda and will continue to do so. Persons, organizations, or states have been the actors motivated by the dominant ideologies of their time in history. Their victims were the innocent. In current study, terror was investigated in 11 consecutive historical time periods. Characteristics of the periods were detailed on the basis of important organizations and acts. Each period was studied in terms of its effect on the terrorist movements in coeval or subsequent periods. Terrorism, of which the onset is based on the French Revolution by the Modern Age studies, was shaped first by the ethnic nationalist movements after the revolution and later by the anarchist movement. Between the two world wars, terrorism did not occur since the war is a great violence itself. Anti-colonialism was followed by the periods the new left, fundamentalist terror, and ethnic nationalist terror. Fundamentalist terror and ethnic nationalist terror continue at the present day. In addition, new anarchist terror, individual terrorism, and cyber-terrorism tend to increase today. Specialists have the concern that in the future, regardless of the underlying ideology or belief system, there will be an increase in the probability of utilization of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and/or Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nucleer (CBRN) weapons. Obscurity of terrorism, the fear it creates, and difficulty of intervention before the acts happen, harden the struggle with terrorism. Success in fight with terrorism is evaluated to the extent that its reality is not denied, it is examined with its all sources, and an interdisciplinary approach is facilitated.Keywords: Terror, terrorism, anarchism, international terrorism, history.