Chemical composition, residue and antimicrobial activity analysis in some medicinal plants from Umbelliferae family

In this study, it was aimed to determine the bioactive components of anise, cumin, coriander and fennel seeds, as well as the antimicrobial properties and antioxidant activities of these components. For this purpose, anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seeds from Burdur, cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds from Konya, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds from Isparta, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) seeds from Antalya were purchased as commercial products. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin screened by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pesticides screened by gas chromatography (GC) method could not be detected in the seeds. Lead (Pb), one of the toxic heavy metals analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), was detected in all four seed samples, while arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were not detected in any sample. Antioxidant activity analyzes were performed with ABTS, FRAP, DPPH and CUPRAC methods. All four methods showed that anise had the highest antioxidant activity and coriander had the lowest antioxidant activity. Neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acid were the bioactive components found at the highest level in the phenolic compound compositions determined by liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF /MS) of all seed samples. In the analyzes performed by gas chromatography (GC), the main components and their ratios determined in the essential oil compositions of anise, cumin, coriander and fennel were determined as 94.66% trans anethole, 20.3% cuminaldehyde, 81% linalool and 83.96% trans anethole, respectively. Anise, cumin, coriander and fennel essential oils and ethanol and methanol extracts of their seeds on the antimicrobial activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 9763), Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404), Penicillium roqueforti, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923) were examined. It was determined that ethanol and methanol extracts did not show antimicrobial effect on any microorganisms, while essential oils showed antimicrobial effects against Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923).