Understanding blockchain adoption in Türkiye's supply chain management: A multi-dimensional analysis

Blockchain technology is recognized as a fundamental technology with the power to transform supply chain management through decentralization, transparency and reliability. It has the potential to overcome supply chain complexity and reduce risks by providing data security, traceability and operational efficiency. However, low adoption rates at the enterprise level necessitate a detailed examination of the factors and contextual dynamics that influence the adoption of this technology. This study aims to identify the key factors influencing the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chain management in Türkiye, categorize and prioritize these factors based on TAM, UTAUT, TOE and DOI theoretical frameworks. It also aims to analyze contextual dynamics and develop actionable strategies based on expert perspectives to support the process. The research was conducted in a three-stage methodology. In the first stage, 50 critical factors for the adoption of blockchain technology were identified through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and these factors were classified under five main categories: technological, organizational, environmental, innovation-specific and individual. In the second stage, the importance of these factors in the Turkish context was evaluated through ranking analysis in line with expert opinions. In the third stage, qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews were analyzed, contextual and perceptual dynamics were elaborated and strategies were developed. The research findings revealed that factors such as organizational leadership, lack of technical knowledge, scalability issues and cultural resistance are determinants of blockchain adoption. In the Turkish context, regulatory uncertainties, centralized governance structures, and media-driven misperceptions stand out as important factors that hinder the adoption of the technology. In addition, lack of technical infrastructure and high costs are significant obstacles, especially for SMEs, while the outsourcing of skilled human resources abroad has limited the sustainability of projects. In line with these findings, strategies such as organizing awareness and training programs, clarifying the regulatory framework, supporting pilot projects and increasing financial incentives have been developed. It is also recommended to implement cultural transformation programs that encourage a shift from centralized governance structures to collaborative processes. The study offers theoretical, methodological and practical contributions. Theoretically, it adds contextual richness to blockchain adoption theories. Methodologically, the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches provides a multidimensional analysis. Practically, a broad set of strategies is proposed, ranging from regulatory reforms to cultural transformation programs. These strategies aim to contribute to the sustainability of technological transformation by promoting the adoption of blockchain technology in Türkiye's supply chain.