Immobilization and characterization of urease enzyme over magnetic nanoparticles through different intermediate arms

Urease is one of the foremost enzymes used mostly in the development of immobilization systems for medical applications. Diminution in the extent of materials carrying enzymes generally increases the efficiency of immobilized enzyme and so the amount of the enzyme bounded to the per unit of the particle increases. In this study, the synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and covalent immobilization and characterization of urease enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles by different intermediate arms are researched. By defining the conditions in which free and immobilized enzymes show maximum activity (pH, buffer concentration and temperature) kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, kcat/Km, Ea) are found. Thermal stability, storage stability and reusability of immobilized urease samples are searched in batch reactors. Besides, the images of immobilized urease samples in scanning electron microscope are investigated. As a result of the immobilization of urease enzyme to magnetic nanoparticles on glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin intermediate arms, it is seen that the values of Km and Vmax increase. Compared to free urease?s kcat/Km (4,139 dk-1M-1) rate,the rate of immobilized urease on glutaraldehyde arms kcat/Km (2,746dk-1M-) and the rate of immobilized urease on epichlorohydrin arms kcat/Km (2,761 dk-1M-1) decrease almost one and a half fold. The thermal stabilities of free and immobilized urease are compared and it is determined that immobilized enzymes can maintain their activities in high temperatures and to a longer extent compared to free enzymes. Its reusability is searched on batch reactor model and after 20 uses, it is determined that immobilized enzymes retain their activities %57 (GA) and %61 (ECH) respectively. The activity of free urease maintained after the 30 days of storage time in 5°C and 25°C is %30 and %23 of its initial activity. For immobilized enzymes, it is figured that in 5°C and 25°C after 30 days of storage time, it maintains %72, %71 (GA) and %60, %57 (ECH) of its initial activity respectively. The thermal stability of free and immobilized urease designated in different temperatures are compared and it is found that immobilized enzymes retain their activity more. Keywords: Urease, Magnetic nanoparticles, Epichlorohydrin, Glutaraldehyde.