Useless machines, a historical review and contemporary analysis

Art is one of the solutions individuals find when they try to overcome the loneliness and chaos they experience in the urban culture and city life. During this, they take refuge in their own world of imagination and transform the concepts such as humor and civil disobedience into concrete expressions with technological tricks and orientations, and create useless machines – intermediate entities, which are not representative of any concept, identity and institution to be called art. This work aims to point out the context of creativity in art, and to explain the Italian designer Munari's Useless Machines with its place in the history of art, its reasons of emergence, its importance for conceptuality based on the change in the definition of modern and avant-garde over the years. The findings show that the artistic complexity continues to this day. This study aims to contribute to other studies in this field and to streamline the understanding of subtle distinctions. This research is the result of a literature review with articles and electronic media and of conducting museum visits.