Demographical and clinical characteristics of the patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGB) is one of the most frequent emergencies seen in the gastroenterology clinics. In the present study; we aimed to determine the etiological and mortality rate of NVUGB patients.Patients with NVUGB admitted to Fırat University Gastroenterology Department between 2005-2010 years examined with endoscopy were evaluated retrospectively in terms of demographical characteristics, etiological risk factors, treatment modalities and mortality.Mean age of 228 (%77) male and 120 (%23) female, 330 patients in total was 59, 9 (17-99). 84 (%25.5) of the patients were smoking, 12 (%7) were drinking alcohol, 292 (%88.5) were using drug; 148 (%44.8) were using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, 113 (%34.2) were using acetyl salicylic acid (ASA). 73 (%22.1) of the patients had cardiyovascular disease, 96 (%29.1) had hypertension, 36 (%10.9) had diabetes mellitus. 156 (%47.3) of the patients had endoscopy in first 12 hours, 117 (%35.5) had endoscopy in first 12-24 hours, 57 (%17.3) had endoscopy after 24 hours. Endoscopic therapy was performed in 84 (%25.5) of the patients. Adrenalin injection was the most frequent treatment modality. In medical teratment, patients were given proton pump inhibitor. Urease test was performed in 122 (%37) of the patients and 107 (%87) of this was helicobacter pylori positive. Patients were given 0.81±1.0 erythrocyte suspension at the first 12 hours, totally 1.8±2.1 erythrocyte suspension were given.The most common causes of bleeeding were; 257 (%77.9) peptic ulcer, 119 (% 36.1) gastric ulcer, 203 (%61.5) erosive gastritis. Forrest and rockall scores were used to evauluate the patients risk. According to rockall score 61 (%18.5) patient had low risk, 260 (%78.8) patient had moderate risk and 9 (%2.7) patient had high risk. According to forrest score most of the patients had stage 3 ulcer (153 patient, %40.9). 7 (%2.1) patient required surgical treatment and 6 (%1.8) patient died.Peptic ulcer was the most common cause of non-variciel upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Acetyl salicylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found as risk factors in over half of the bleeding patients. Bleeding is seen more commonly in males and elders. Non variceal upper gastointestinal bleeding still an important health problem due to advanced age and co-morbid diseases. Rate of mortality, surgery and transfusion of erythrocyte suspension was very low. This might be related to the high rate of early endoscopy and endoscopical therapy.Keywords: Non-variciel upper gastrointestinal system bleeding, etiology, endoscopy