Wahhabism and his background: From the beginning until the II. Saudi state

In this study it is aimed to reveal the effective reasons at the beginning as well as in the progress of a sect that appeared in the mid 18th century and that had maintained its existence in an effective way so far. In this context, first and foremost life and the opinions of Muhammed b. Abdilvehhâb-the leader of Wahhabism- have been discussed and then the geographical characteristics of the Necid region where the movement within the scope of the background appeared, the effects on the socioeconomic life of such characteristics, the political structure of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire in general and that of the Necid region in special have been mentioned in research. Likewise one has examined the relation between Wahhabism and religious sects and movements as well as one has given special importance to the effects of the personal specifications of the leadership of Ibn Abdilvehhâb on the movement. In this context one has made use of the data of the other scientific branches such as sociology, psychology, geography, etc? At this point it turned out that the regional geography had effected the sociocultural and economic structures of the people and that the Ottoman Empire and the political situation in the region had contributed to the progress of Wahhabism.On the other hand one has determined that the movement had been inspired by the Hanbeli sect and by Ibn Teymiyye and that there are many similarities between Kharijitism and Zahirism. Nevertheless, one has concluded that there are subjects different from such movements. Therefore, it has been considered as a new sect but as a follow up of the Hanbeli sect. One has discussed the historical background till the era of the II. Saudian State by limiting the subject due to the fact that Wahhabism is a movement that has been spreading out since nearly three centuries. Moreover, one has discussed whether or not there are effects of Wahhabism on the religious movements appeared in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries in the Islamic world. Nevertheless, today one has determined that there are systematical actions to promote Wahhabism in other places. For this reason, one has tried to explain exhaustively the background of Wahhabism. Keywords: Wahhabism, Muhammad b. Abdilvehhâb, I. Saudi State, Background, Tawheed, Bid'ah, Intercession, Emr-i-bil-ma'ruf nahy ani'lMunkar, shirk