Evaluation of hematological parameters in central and peripheral vertigo discrimination in vertigo patients

Introduction: Vertigo symptom is one of the most common complaints in people over the age of 75, especially with increasing age and increasing frequency. Patients can use the expression of dizziness to describe many complaints. According to Vertigo etiology, two classes are separated as central vertigo and peripheral vertigo. While peripheral vertigo is more benign and usually caused by distant follow-up and treatable diseases, central vertigo is usually the pathology that requires urgent treatment and should be followed up. Before evaluating the patients with vertigo, patients should be distinguished from other types by "dizziness" by physical examination and physical examination, then differential diagnosis should be made in terms of central and peripheral pathologies. If necessary, electrocardiography (ECG) should be performed, blood tests (hemogram, biochemistry) should be performed and necessary imaging methods (magnetic resonance, computerized tomography) should be performed. Aim: This study is a retrospective study in which a total of 215 patients, 179 of which were peripheral vertigo and 36 of which were central vertigo, were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the patients admitted to the emergency department of Atatürk University Medical Faculty Hospital Emergency Medicine AD. Patients who were admitted to our emergency department with a vertigo complaint and discharged to the otorhinolaryngology clinic were considered as peripheral vertigo. Patients who were admitted to neurology or neurosurgery clinics were considered as central vertigo. Hematologic parameters (white cell, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil and platelet count, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW), and MPV values, platelet / lymphocyte , Neutrophil / lymphocyte ratios). Results: Of the patients included in the study, 83.3% were peripheral vertigo and 16.7% were central vertigo. When the distribution of demographic characteristics was examined, 33.5% of patients with peripheral vertigo were 58 years old and 54.7% were female; It was determined that 66.7% of the patients diagnosed with central vertigo were 58 years old and over, and 77.8% were male. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups with peripheric and central vertigo diagnoses, vertigo finding narrative, coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and thromboembolic disease in patients and families with central vertiginous disease (p <0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference between the mean of hematological parameters of peripheral vertigo and central vertigo patient groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Elderly, male sex, and some chronic diseases (CHF, CAD, thromboembolic disease) were confirmed as a risk factor for central vertigo. It has not been shown in this study that parameters such as RDW, PDW, MPV, MCV values, neutrophil / lymphocyte, platelet / lymphocyte rates, hemoglobin, platelet, lymphocyte, monocyte, WBC, neutrophil counts provide additional benefit for differential diagnosis. We think there is a need for more comprehensive, prospective work in this area.